According to Jerome Kagan, children with which of the following types of temperament at age two to three later showed social phobia symptoms at seven years of age? Kagan spent a large part of his career studying the effect of temperament— a stable pattern of personality and emotional reactions —on the behavior of children. B) typically reacts intensively to new experiences, strangers, and novel objects. According to Kagan, these children were characterized, at four months of age, by being very reactive to the stimuli of his tests, crying and tensing their limbs. She tends to smile and become comfortable when her mother picks her up. Ans: b 21. He followed his test subjects from infancy through adulthood, evaluating specific traits at different periods… Ryan is father to an 11-month-old baby boy. Temperament and personality are clearly related, but not the same thing, based on both conceptual and empirical grounds. mindfulness. Which of the following is generally TRUE about child-care settings across the United States, according to your text? Attitudes about death and dying. Which of the following characterizes phase 1 of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment? In terms of Jerome Kagan's temperament classification system, Nicholas is probably dealing with? In the United States, parents tend to prefer children with a(n)__________ temperament, whereas in China, a(n) _________ temperament is more highly valued. The researchers A) quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity. With increased locomotor skills, babies actively seek contact with regular caregivers, such as the mother or father. C) About 50 to 70 percent of the extreme groups retained their temperamental styles as they grew older. Inhibited refers to a shy, timid, and fearful profile of a child, whereas uninhibited refers to the appearance of bold, sociable and outgoing behaviours. 15. B) The majority of babies in the study were easily upset by novelty. Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in ________. Inhibited temperament occurs with shy and fearful children, whereas uninhibited has to do with kids who are sociable and outgoing. What does Zimbardo conclude about temperament? According to the core knowledge perspective, A) each infant's five sense permit a ready grasp of new, related information ... Temperament refers to. The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves. Some days, Josh would throw tantrums right before his mother dropped him off, and on other days he would cry and scream after his mom left him at the preschool. NOT Higher-income children enjoy both better teacher-child ratios and better interactions with their teachers than do poor children in child-care programs. children and temperament; 10% highly reactive, 80% middle, 10% nonreactive. According to some research, what might be more important than attachment style in predicting later social functioning? 11. According to Jerome Kagan, there is no set outcome for a particular temperament, but most characteristics of temperament are stable over time and contribute to our adult personality. She often feels overwhelmed and depressed about her situation and frequently neglects her eight-month-old son and his needs. This type of cry indicates that Trey is: The results of the large National Longitudinal Study of Child Care indicate that: According to Jerome Kagan (2002, 2003), temperament can be classified by focusing on: differences between children who are shy and timid and those who are sociable and bold. Jerome Kagan (2002) has studied the temperamental category of inhibition to the unfamiliar in children. On several occasions, she has slapped his hand when he reaches for her cell phone. He loves spending time with his son when he is back from work. Developmental psychologists would say that a discussion of this discrepancy concerns: A mother hands her baby a rattle, saying, "Here you are." Identify the BIG Five - What is Raymond Cattell's contribution to trait theory? He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children. A clown jumps in front of them, and Javier looks at his father to see if he is afraid or laughing. According to Jerome Kagan, how does a child acquire a certain temperament? According to Ellen Langer, _____ being alert, mentally present, and cognitively flexible while going through life’s everyday activities and tasks—is an important aspect of thinking critically. By Jerome Kagan - One of the strongest articles of faith among psychotherapists is the intuitively attractive proposition that the security of early attachments to parents has a profound influence on adult mental health. When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class, he was quite upset. This is an example of: Which of the following best exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children? Which statement is FALSE? Define the term traits. How is temperament a precursor to personality? The links are there, but have yet to be completely understood. In terms of Jerome Kagan's temperament classification system Nicholas would probably be classified as: 2.The mental processes people use to make sense of their social environments are to _____ as the effects of situational factors and other people on an individual's behavior are to _____. Which of the following terms best describes Hailey's behavior? libido. Evidence that supports the idea that emotions have a strong biological foundation includes all of the following, EXCEPT: Men and women share the same basic emotions. Kagan found evidence of 20. ... question. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following occurs during phase 3? when she meets a stranger in an unfamiliar place. ________ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with. ... Jerome Kagan and his colleagues have studied how children’s temperaments can vary as a result of variations in the responses of their sympathetic nervous systems . is the result of inherited … about being in a strange environment. Then there is a long period during which Trey holds his breath (turning red), and then the next crying sound comes out. Tyler will most likely: touch the spot on the mirror, because he wonders why that other child has a spot on his nose. c) peers are important in the development of temperament. d) unshared environments are important in temperament development. a. Shyness is inherited b. These are questions that psychologist Jerome Kagan is interested in. 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